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Introduzione
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Introduzione

Categoria: Aria secca
Pubblicato: Domenica, 27 Giugno 2010 05:01
Scritto da Super User
Visite: 8108

L’aria atmosferica è una miscela di diversi gas e la sua composizione, che varia in modo trascurabile in base alla località, senza la presenza di elementi esterni come polveri, sabbia, pollini e anche senza vapor d’acqua ossia a secco è la seguente:

Composizione dell’aria secca (senza vapor d’acqua)

Componente
Formula
Percentuale in volume
Percentuale in massa
   

%

%
Azoto
N2
78.090
75.51
Ossigeno
O2
20.950
23.15
Argon
Ar
0.930
1.28
Anidride carbonica
CO2
0.030
0.046
Neon
Ne
0.00181
0.00125
Elio
He
0.00052
0.000072
Metano
CH4
0.00015
0.000094
Kripto
Kr
0.00011
0.00029
Idrogeno
H2
0.00005
0.0000035
Ozono
O3
0.00004
0.000007
Xenon
Xe
0.000008
0.0000035

 

Per convenzione si considera l’aria atmosferica "tipo" quella rilevata al livello del mare (accelerazione di gravitag= 9,807 m/s2) ed alla temperatura di 15°C. La sua pressione assoluta (pressione atmosferica di riferimento) è di 101,325 kPa ovvero 1,01325 bar (760 mm di Hg). Supponendo che l’aria atmosferica si comporti come un gas perfetto e che la sua temperatura sia in funzione lineare della sua quota rispetto al lvello del mare la pressione atmosferica e la densità variano come dalla seguente tabella:

Variazione di pressione assoluta, temperatura e densità in funzione della quota dell’aria secca standard.

Altezza sul livello del mare
Pressione
Temperatura
Densità
Velocità del suono
m
Pa
°C
Kg/m³
m/s
0
101325
15.00
1.225
340.2941
50
100725
14.67
1.219
340.1021
100
100129
14.35
1.213
339.9103
150
99535
14.02
1.207
339.7179
200
98945
13.70
1.202
339.5256
250
98357
13.37
1.195
339.3332
300
97772
13.05
1.190
339.1407
350
97190
12.72
1.184
338.9481
400
96610
12.40
1.179
338.7553
450
96034
12.07
1.172
338.5625
500
95460
11.75
1.167
338.3696
550
94889
11.42
1.161
338.1765
600
94321
11.10
1.156
337.9833
650
93756
10.77
1.150
337.7901
700
93193
10.45
1.145
337.5967
750
92633
10.12
1.139
337.4032
800
92076
9.80
1.134
337.2096
850
91521
9.47
1.128
337.0159
900
90970
9.15
1.223
336.8220
950
90420
8.82
1.117
336.6281
1000
89874
8.50
1.112
336.4340